Sugarcane harvester is the main working machine on mechanization yield of sugarcane, and the working performance of its’ cutter has a biggish effect on cutting quality of sugarcane. At present, the rate of broken biennial root in cutting sugarcane is very high, exceeds more than 20%,and is arriving at 35% when it works in sweat field. Higher the rate of broken biennial root is, lower the germination of sugarcane is in the next year, and the output of sugarcane accordingly. However, there are a lot of factors that affect the cutting quality(the rate of broken biennial root) of cutter. Therefore, it is necessary to study the factors in order to improve cutting quality.In this dissertation, quadratic regression orthogonal rotatable design was adopted and an indoor simulation experiment was carried out on the affecting factors, including rotate speed of cutter, harvester forward speed, knife number, cutter obliquity, cutting angle and knife-edge angle. Study on the affecting factors was done by means of the Statistical analysis, mathematicalmodel establishment and optimization technique according to standard of working capability. The relevant mathematical model was established, and the optimization study was also carry out. The preferable combination of six factors was gained. The result indicate that when rotate speed of cutter is 680r/min,harvester forward speed is 0.5m/s,knife number is 8,cutter obliquity is 7,cutting angle is 28.5 and knife-edge angle is 45 ,the rate of sugarcane broken biennial root could drop to 6.7%.
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